Which bones are included in the axial skeleton?

• A. The bones of the skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum
• B. The bones of the limbs and girdles
• C. The bones of the pelvis and pectoral girdle
• D. The bones of the hands and feet

Answer: (A)

The axial skeleton forms the body's central framework and includes the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage with the sternum. It protects the brain, spinal cord, and thoracic organs, and provides central support for the body. The limbs and their girdles belong to the appendicular skeleton, which facilitates movement and interaction with the environment. Therefore, the bones of the skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum are part of the axial skeleton, while the pelvis, pectoral girdle, hands, and feet are part of the appendicular skeleton.